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the fingers

  • 1 FINGR

    (gen. fingrar or fingrs; pl. fingr), m. finger (fingr digrir); rétta e-m f., to point one’s finger at.
    * * *
    m., gen. fingrar, mod. fingrs; dat. fingri; pl. fingr; a neut. fingr occurs in O. H. L. 73, 74, which gender is still found in Swed. dialects; the acc. pl. is in conversation used as fem., an Icel. says allar fingr, not alla fingr: [Goth. figgrs; A. S. finger, etc.; whereas Lat. digitus and Gr. δάκτυλος etymologically answer to Icel. tá, Engl. toe, Germ. zehe, a finger of the foot]:—a finger, Grág. i. 498, Hkr. ii. 380, 384, Magn. 518, passim: the names of the fingers—þumal-fingr, the thumb; vísi-f., the index finger, also called sleiki-f., lick-finger; langa-töng, long-prong; græði-f., leech-finger, also, but rarely, called baug-f., digitus annuli; litli-f., the little finger. Sayings or phrases:—playing with one’s fingers is a mark of joy or happiness—leika fingrum (Rm. 24), or leika við fingr sér (sína), Fms. iv. 167, 172, vii. 172, Orkn. 324, mod. leika við hvern sinn fingr; also spila fingra, id., Fbr. 198; vita e-ð upp á sinar tíu fingr, to know a thing on one’s ten fingers, i. e. have at one’s fingers’ ends; fetta fingr útí e-t, to find fault with; rétta e-m fingr, digito monstrare, Grett. 117; sjá ekki fingra sinna skil, not to be able to distinguish one’s fingers, of blindness, Bs. i. 118: other phrases are rare and of foreign origin, e. g. sjá í gegnum fingr við e-n, to shut one’s eyes to a thing, etc.; fingr digrir, thick fingers, of a clown, Rm. 8; but mjó-fingraðr, taper-fingered, epithet of a lady, 36; fingra-mjúkr, nimble-fingered; fingrar-þykkr, a finger thick, Al. 165; fingrar gómr, a finger’s end, Fs. 62; fingra staðr, the print of the fingers, Symb. 59; fingrar breidd, a finger’s breadth. In the Norse law (N. G. L. i. 172) the fingers are taxed, from the thumb at twelve ounces, to the little finger at one ounce—not so in the curious lawsuit recorded in Sturl. i. ch. 18–27. Also a measure, a finger’s breadth, Nj. 27, cp. MS. 732. 5: arithm. any number under ten, Alg. 362: botan., skolla-fingr, a kind of fern, lycopodium. fingra-járn, n. a ‘finger-iron,’ a thimble (?), Dipl. v. 18. fingr-hæð, f. a finger’s height, as measure.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FINGR

  • 2 Á

    * * *
    a negative suffix to verbs, not;
    era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
    * * *
    1.
    á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]
    With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.
    WITH DAT.
    A. Loc.
    I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.
    II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.
    2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).
    3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.
    4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.
    III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).
    B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:
    I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.
    II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.
    III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.
    IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.
    C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:
    I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.
    2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.
    3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.
    II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.
    III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.
    IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’
    2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.
    V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.
    VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.
    VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.
    VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.
    WITH ACC.
    A. Loc.
    I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.
    2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.
    3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.
    II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:
    1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.
    2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.
    III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.
    IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.
    V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.
    VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.
    VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.
    B. TEMP.
    I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.
    II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.
    III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.
    IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.
    V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.
    VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.
    VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.
    C. Metaph. and in various relations:
    I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.
    β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.
    II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:
    1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.
    2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.
    3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.
    β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.
    III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.
    IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:
    1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.
    2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.
    3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.
    V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.
    VI. connected with nouns,
    1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.
    2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.
    3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.
    VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.
    2.
    f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
    COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

  • 3 rétta

    * * *
    (-tta, -ttr), v.
    1) to make straight, straighten, opp. to beygja, kreppa( rétta krók, rétta á sér fingrna);
    2) to stretch out, stretch (r. or r. fram höndina); r. e-t e-m, to reach, hand over, a thing to one (hann rétti sjóðinn at Sigmundi);
    3) to raise, right a capsized boat (hvelfdi skipinu, en dvergarnir réttu skip sitt);
    4) to rise (hann rétti ekki ór rekkju);
    5) to put right, adjust; r. hluta e-s, to redress; knoungr vildi eigi r. þetta mál, the king refused justice;
    6) to let the ship drift, = leggja í rétt (varð þá at hlaða seglum ok r.);
    7) with preps., r. fram, to stretch out; r. e-t upp, to raise (Þórr rétti upp höndina); r. við, to come to oneself, recover (Narfi réttir við ór rotinu);
    8) refl., réttast, to be put straight; réttust fingrnir, the fingers became straight; to stretch oneself (r. gørði raumrinn stirðr); r. upp, to rise (Hákon jarl réttist upp).
    * * *
    tt, [Ulf. ga-raihtjan = κατευθύνειν, δικαιουν; Germ. richten; cp. Engl. reach]:— to make right or straight; dvergarnir réttu skip sítt, of a capsized boat, Edda 47; at rétta þenna krók, Ld. 40.
    2. to stretch out, Engl. to reach; hann réttir höndina móti fésjóðnum, Ld. 48; r. fram höndina, Eb. 38; rétti Ólafr spjóts-halann at hverjum þeirra, 132; Þórarinn hafði rétt fót sinn annan undan klæðum, Ó. H. 74; bað hann eigi r. (viz. the feet) of nær eldinum, Eg. 762; r. arma sína, Rb. 438; ok rétti frá sér alla fætr, Bs. i. 345: r. e-t at e-m, to reach it, pass it over to one, Fb. i. 149; hann lét r. yrmling at-munni hans, Ó. T. 42; hann rétti ekki ór rekkju, he rose not from his bed, of a bedridden person, Bs. i. 69: metaph., rétta við, to recover, Nj. 195, Fms. vi. 34 (við-rétting); leið-r.
    3. to drift (see réttr, m.); hlaða seglum ok rétta …, mátti þá eigi lengr rétta, Fas. iii. 118.
    4. to drive into a fold; rétta smala sinn, D. N. iv. 6.
    II. as a law term (Germ. richten), to make right, adjust; rétta lög, to make laws; þar skolu menn r. lög sín ok göra nýmæli, Grág. i. 6; rétta kvið, 58; r. vætti, 45; höfum vér réttan kvið-burð várn, ok orðið ásáttir, we have agreed on our verdict, Nj. 238; r. mál, to redress: konungr vildi eigi rétta þetta mál, the king refused justice, Fms. i. 153, Fs. 33; r. rán, Stj. 490; leita fyrst at r. kirkju sína ok staði, Bs. i. 773; r. hluta e-s, Eb. 304.
    2. to judge, give sentence; rétta mál, to judge in a case, H. E. i. 475; rétta e-n, to condemn ( to death), N. G. L. iii. 78:—to behead, Bs. ii. in writing of the 16th century.
    IV. reflex., réttask, to be put straight, Bjarn. 60: to stretch oneself, réttask görði raumrinn stirðr, Skíða R. 51; r. upp, þá réttumk ek upp yfir konung, Fms. ii. 188; jarl réttisk upp, arose, vi. 320, Fs. 101, Greg. 48; hann hafði fast kreppt fingr at meðalkaflanum … þá réttusk fingrnir, then the fingers were unbended, Grett. 154.

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  • 4 KÖGGULL

    * * *
    m., pl. köglar, the joints in the fingers and toes; at af skýfðum fremstum köglum fóta ok fingra, Stj. 379; skeindisk Kormakr á þumal-fingri ok klofnaði köggullinn, Korm. 88, Sturl. i. 31; ok loddi köggullinn í sinunum, Lv. 86, Magn. 536: metaph. a small piece, mó-köggull, tað-k.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > KÖGGULL

  • 5 fitja

    (að), v. to web, knit (hann lét f. saman fingrna).
    * * *
    að, [cp. A. S. fettan, Engl. to fit], to web, knit; hann lét fitja saman fingrna, he webbed the fingers together, like the foot of a duck or seal, in order to swim better, Grett. 148.
    β. fitja upp sokk, etc., to ‘cast on’ a sock or the like, i. e. make the first stitches in knitting it: metaph., fitja upp á nef sér, to knit or screw up the nose in anger, Dan. ‘slaa kröller paa næsen;’ so in Engl. ‘ to knit the brows.’

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  • 6 KLAUF

    * * *
    I)
    (pl. -ir), f.
    1) the cleft (between the toes);
    2) cloven foot (göltrinn svamm þar til af gengu klaufirnar);
    3) beast, head of cattle.
    II) from kljúfa.
    * * *
    f., pl. klaufir, [A. S. cleâf; Engl. cleft, clove; Germ. klaue]:—a cloven foot, Stj. 316, 317; göltrinn svamm par til af gengu klaufirnar, Landn. 177; þeir rökðu þangat sem klaufirnar höfðu vitjað af hreinsfitjunum, Ó. H. 152: the cleft between the toes (= neip between the fingers), sár neðan í ilina ok skar út í klaufina við þumaltána, Sturl. iii. 68.
    2. a beast, a head of cattle; allar várar hjarðir, svá framt at eigi skal nokkur klauf eptir vera, Stj. 276; hjoggu á skip sín hverja klauf, Fms. viii. 380.
    3. gramm. an asyndeton, viz. two adjectives attached to one noun without a copula, Skálda 193.
    COMPDS: klaufagangr, klauflax, klaufrak, klauftroð.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > KLAUF

  • 7 neip

    f., pl. neipar, the ‘nip,’ the interstice between the fingers; í neipinni; perh. better gneip.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > neip

  • 8 tjálgr

    n. [A. S. telgor = a branch, bough; Gr. δολιχός; Let. dilgas]:—a prong, fork (?), an obsolete word, which occurs only twice, viz. handar-tjálgr, ‘hand-prongs’ i. e. the arms or the fingers (?), Sighvat; uxu tjálgur, langir leggir ok ljótt höfuð, Fas. iii. 18 (in a verse).

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  • 9 FATTR

    adj. bowed backward; standa fattr, opp. to lútr.
    β. slender, of the fingers; fatta hafði hann fingr og smá, Snót 202; fingr fattir ok at öllu vel vaxnir, Þiðr. 6, v. l., freq. in mod. usage; cp. fetta.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FATTR

  • 10 fetta

    tt, [fattr], to bend back; fetta fingr, to bend the fingers back; fetta fingr úti e-t, to criticise ( unfairly); vide fingr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > fetta

  • 11 lið-mjúkr

    adj. [liðr], lithe, slender, of the fingers, Karl. 301.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > lið-mjúkr

  • 12 GREIP

    (pl. greipr), f. the space between the thumb and the other fingers (kom blóð á hönd þóri ok rann upp á greipina); fig., koma, ganga í greipr e-m, to fall into one’s clutches.
    * * *
    f., pl. greipr, [A. S. grâp], the space between the thumb and the other fingers, a grip, grasp, Edda 110; at hin hægri greip spenni um hinn vinstra úlflið, Sks. 291; ok rann upp á greipina, Fms. v. 85; þrekligar greipr, Sd. 147; því næst brestr fram ór bjarginu greip eigi smáleit, Bs. ii. 111: metaph., ganga í greipr e-m, to fall into one’s clutches, Fs. 37, Fms. vi. 210; meir fyrir þat at vér vórum þá komnir í greipr honum, Orkn. 88; ganga ór greipum e-s, to slip from one’s grasp; spenna greipr, to clasp the hands: the phrase, láta greipr sópa, um e-t, to make a clean sweep, Grett. 127: the name of a giantess, Edda. ☞ Icel. distinguish between greip and neip (qs. gneip, the interval between the other fingers).

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  • 13 HRÚTR

    (-s, -ar), m. ram.
    * * *
    m. a ram, Grág. i. 427, 502, 503, Grett. 148, Rd. 260, Fs. 25. Stj. 580, Pr. 478, Fms. xi. 149: the zodiacal sign, Rb. 1812. 17: spec. phrases, svá sem börn göra hrúta með fingrum sér, as children make rams with their fingers, i. e. by twisting their fingers into the shape of rams’ horns, Fms. v. 348, a child’s game still well known in Icel.; skera hrúta, to snore aloud (cp. hrjóta B), Stef. Ól.; so, ic hrúti = sterto in king Alfred’s Gr.
    II. as a pr. name Hrútr; in local names, Hrúts-staðir, Hrúta-fjörðr, Hrút-ey, Landn.
    COMPDS: hrútaber, hrútaberjalyng, Hrútfirðingr, hrútlamb, hrútmál, hrútsfall, hrútsgæra, hrútshorn, hrútahöfn, hrútshöfuð, hrútsmark, hrútsreyfi, hrútssvið.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HRÚTR

  • 14 BUGR

    m. bend, curve; the bight (inside) of a ring (í bug hringinum); of the bent fingers (bugr fingranna); the concave side of the sails (sá af landi í bug allra seglanna); a curve, disorder, of a line of men or ships (rétta þann bug, er á var orðinn flotanum); aka em á bug, aka bug á em, to make one give way, repel.
    * * *
    m. pl. ir, a bowing, winding; so Icel. call the bight or bend of a river, brook, creek, or the like; renna í bugum, to fiow in bights, hence ár-bugr, lækjar-bugr: the bight (inside) of a ring, finger, bow-string, etc.; í bug hringinum, Eg. 306; b. fingranna, Sturl. i. 189; grípa í bug snærum, poët. to grip the bight of the bow-string, Jd. 27: the scythe has þjó-bugr, q. v.: the concave side of the sails, sá af landi í bug allra seglanna, Fms. vii. 94: a curve, disorder, of a line of men or ships (in battle), rétta þann bug, er á var orðinn flotanum, i. 174; hence the phrase, aka e-m á bug, vide aka; vinda (göra) bráða-bug að e-u, to make haste, Grett. 98 A: á bug, Scot. abeigh ( aloof), Úlf. 3. 27; mein-bugir, impediments.
    β. convexity; b. jarðar, Rb. 468, unusual in this sense.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BUGR

  • 15 KRÓKR

    (-s, -ar), m.
    1) hook (nef hans var mikit ok krókr á);
    2) barb, on a spear or arrow-head (cf. krókaspjót, krókör);
    3) peg (þeir tóku reip ofan ór krókum);
    5) curve, bend, winding;
    rista krók, not to go straight;
    gøra sér króka, to make a detour;
    6) corner (nú gangit þér í krókinn hjá húsinu).
    * * *
    m., krákr, Am. 45, Pm. 76; [Engl. crook; Dan. krog; Swed. krok]:—a hook, anything crooked; krókr þrí-angaðr, a three-pronged hook, a trident, Bret. 6: a barb on a spear or arrow head, Grett. 45, 109 new Ed.: of a fishing-hook, Lil. 60, 78, 82; tveggja króka hald í vatnit, Pm. 41; nú er úlfs-hali einn á króki, a saying, Band, (in a verse): a peg, þeir tóku reip ofan ór krókum, Hrafn. 20; brjóta spjót ór krókum, Sturl. iii. 188: a kind of crooked-formed box to carry peat in, torf-krókar: the coils like a dragon’s tail on a ship’s stern, opp. to the ‘head’ (höfuð) on the ship’s stem, fram var á dreka-höfuð, en aptr krókr ok fram af sem sporðr, Hkr. i. 284; þat var dreki, var bæði höfuðin ok krókar aptr mjök gullbúit, Orkn. 332; höfuðit ok krókrinn var allt gullbúið, Fb. i. 435: a kind of boat-hook, a brand-hook, Ísl. ii. 411 (v. l.), N. G. L. ii. 448: of a wrestling trick, see hæl-krókr; the phrase, láta koma krók á móti bragði: a game, trying the strength by hooking one another’s fingers, fara í krók: the phrase, leggja sig í framkróka, to exert oneself, plan and devise; stýris-krókar, a rudder’s hook, Fas. iii. 204; hence prob. the phrase, þar reis at undir króki, there rose ( a wave) under the rudder, Sturl. i. 47: an anchor fluke, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
    2. a winding; Máriu-súðin (a ship) reist langan krók er þeir skyldu snúa henni, Fms. viii. 222; svá var skipat mönnum með fé þessu at þar skyldi engan krók rísta, i. e. to go straight, Ld. 96; göra sér krók, to make a circuit, Fas. iii. 197.
    3. a device; ok hefir hann þat í hug sér at rétta þenna krók, Ld. 40, 260, Stj. 515; Króka-Refr, Ref the Wily, Krók.
    II. a nook; í krókinn hjá húsinu, Fs. 42, (krók-pallr); aka e-m í öngan krók, to put one into a corner, to entrap, a saying, Fms. vi. 132 (in a verse).
    III. a nickname, Landn.; whence Króks-fjörðr, a local name, Landn. króka-spjót, n. a barbed spear, Ld. 78, Eg. 726, Fbr. 11, and see Worsaae, No. 350.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > KRÓKR

  • 16 SLÍTA

    * * *
    (slít; sleit, slitum; slitinn), v.
    1) to snap, break, a string, cord, rope (Æsirnir sýndu honum silkibandit ok báðu hann s.); s. í sundr, to break asunder (s. í sundr svá mjótt band);
    2) to tear, pull; Loki sleit upp mistiltein, L. pulled up the mistletoe; slíta ná, hræ, to tear a corpse; s. e-n af sér, to throw one off (S. vildi s. hann af sér); sleit hann undan veðr, the gale drove him out of his course;
    3) fig. to break, break off, with acc.; s. þing, to break off, dissolve a meeting; with dat. (s. þingi, flokki, veizlunni); áðr þinginu sé slitit, before the meeting be dissolved;
    4) to rend, tear (brynja hans var slitin til únýts); klæði sundr slitin, torn asunder;
    5) to wear-out; hann mun eigi mörgum skyrtunum s., he will not wear out many shirts, not live long; slitnir skór, worn-out shoes;
    6) s. ór e-u, to decide, settle (hann kvað lögmann ór þessu s. skyldu);
    7) impers. to be torn away (sleit af honum mann á báti); with dat., slítr þar tali þeirra, there the talk ended; sleit Fróða frið fjánda á milli, Frodi’s peace was broken between the foes; borgir ok kastalar ok þorp, svá at hvergi slítr, in an unbroken line; þar til er ór slítr með þeim, till it comes to an end;
    8) refl., slítast, to tear oneself loose (s. ór höndum e-m).
    * * *
    slít; pret. sleit, sleizt, sleit. pl. slitu; subj. slíti; imperat. slít, slíttu; part. slitinn: [A. S. slîtan; Engl. slit; Dan. slide]:—to slit, break, of a string, rope (rífa, of cloth); snara er slitin, 623. 36; slíta þráðu, reip, bönd. Sól. 37, Stor. 7; s. í sundr svá mjótt band, Edda 20; þeir sýndu honum silki-bandið ok báðu hann slíta, id.; þær fá nú varla svá títt spunnit örlaga-þráð sem ein slíta, Al. 141; hann tók Mistiltein ok sleit upp, Edda 37; sleit hann af sér slæðurnar, Fms. vii. 149; Steinarr vildi s. hann af sér, threw him off, Eg. 747; sleit hann undan veðr, the gale drove him out of his course, Landn. (Hb.) 27.
    2. metaph. to break, break off; slíta skipan, Al. 109; s. þing, to break off a meeting, dissolve, Fms. i. 34, vi. 193 (þinginu v. l.); s. félag, Gísl. 13; s. samnað, to disperse, Fms. ix. 369; þá var niðr slegit ok slitið samhald þat, vi. 286; ef þó væri baði þing áðr slitin, divided, Grág. i. 116; slíta sáttir. Am. 67; s. málstefnunni, Ó. H. 33.
    β. with dat. to break with a thing, i. e. break it up, dissolve; munu þér slitið fá flokki Bagla, Fms. ix. 267; slíta þingi, to dissolve a þing altogether, Grág. i. 116; áðr þinginu sé slitið, before it be dissolved, Fms. i. 34, Hrafn. 19; var slitið veizlunni, Ld. 32; slitu þeir handlaginu, Ölk. 36; s. tali, Ld. 320; s. gildinu, Eg. 23; s. bardaganum, Fms. xi. 96; slíta búi, N. G. L. i. 201; s. svefni, Helr. 9.
    II. to rend, tear; brynja haus var slitin til únýts, Fms. i. 173; sár hef ek sextan, slitna bryniu, Fas. i. 427 (in a verse): to tear like a wild beast, Vsp. 45; slítr nái nefför, 50; hrafnar slitu sjónir ór höfði þeim, Sól. 67; ef dýr eða foglar s. hræ manna, Eg. 580; jarl lét s. hold hans með ullar-kömbum, Blas. 44: s. sundr, to break asunder; þat mun satt, es vér slitum í sundr lögin, at vér monom slíta ok friðinn, Íb. 12; klæði sundr slitin, torn asunder, Grett. 115; ísar með sundr slitnum vökum, Sks. 175 B; hendr með sundr slitnum fingrmn, with separated fingers, i. e. not webbed, 169.
    2. to tear and wear out, of clothes; hann mun eigi mörgum skyrtunum slíta, he will not wear out many shirts, not live long, Þorst. hv. 53; slitnir skór, worn-out shoes, Ísl. ii. 80; slitinn sekkr, Stj. 366; dúkr slitinn, Pm. 62; bjórr slitinn, 108; Ingjaldr svarar, ek hefi vánd klæði, ok hryggir mik eigi þó ek slíta þeim ekki görr, I have bad clothes, and care not whether I wear them out or not, i. e. I am an old man, and care not for my life, Gísl. 50; s. barns-skónum, see skór; slitinn skrúði, Dipl. v. 18; slitið klæði, Vm. 21; með slitnum hökli.
    III. metaph., slíta ór e-u, to decide; hann kvað lögmann ór þessu s. skyldu, Nj. 237; en konungr slítr eigi ór því svá brátt, Fbr. 119 (ór-slit): berr hann upp þetta mál við þá, þeir slíta þat ór, at …, Róm. 321.
    IV. impers. one breaks off a thing, i. e. it is torn off, from its moorings or fastenings; sleit af honum mann á báti, Landn. 28; ef fjósir (acc.) slítr út fyrir honum eða bein, ok rekr á annars manns fjöru, Grág. ii. 360; um allt þat er fémætt slítr út af hval … ef urgur eru í þjósum þeim er út slítr, Jb. 320.
    2. to be cut short, end; munu því allir verða fegnir várir menn, at slíti þessa þrásetu, that it shall come to an end, Fms. viii. 441; with dat., slítr þar tali þeirra, Fms. xi. 112; slítr þar hjali, 47; sleit Fróða frið, Hkv. i. 13; borgir ok kastalar ok þorp, svá at hvergi slítr, in an unbroken line, Fms. vii. 94; at slitið væri friðinum milli Norðmanna ok Dana, Hkr. iii. 176: þar til er ór slítr með mönnum, till it comes to an end, Nj. 105; hann vill fylgja þér, þar til er ór slítr með ykkr Hrafnkatli, Hrafn. 19.
    V. reflex., slítask, to tear oneself loose; slítask or höndum e-m, Sks. 598; Þórólfr sleitzk ór þessi þröngu brott, Fms. viii. 249: part., klukka slitin af ryði, Ísl. ii. 459.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SLÍTA

  • 17 SKIL

    * * *
    n. pl.
    1) distinction; heyra, nema orða s., to be able to make out words; menn sá varla handa (fingra) sinna s., they could hardly see their own hands (fingers);
    2) discernment, knowledge; kunna, vita góð s. á e-u, to be well informed of, have good knowledge of; kunna s. rúna, to know how to read runes;
    3) adjustment; fœra mál til skila, to put a case right; gera s. á e-u, to perform, discharge (mér þykkir úsýnt, hver s. ek geri á yðru erendi); verða at litlum skilum, to be of little account, come to nought; koma e-u til skila, to put in order; e-t kemr til skila, is duly delivered, comes to hand (hann sendi konunginum hest, ok kom sá vel til skila); svá at allír hefði góð s., so that all should have their due; hann hafði engan erfingja þann er s. væri at, he had no trusty heir;
    4) pleading (öll jögmælt s.).
    * * *
    n. pl. [skilja; Engl. skill; Dan. skjel; a word borrowed from the Norse]:—a distinction, of eyesight and hearing; menn sá varla handa sinna skil, one could hardly distinguish one’s own hands, Eb. 260; sjá varla fingra sinna skil, Bs. i. 352; nema orða-skil, to catch the distinction of words, Eb. 28; kunna daga-skil, Sks.
    2. a weaver’s term, the space between the threads.
    II. metaph. discernment, knowledge; kunna góð skil á e-m (e-u), to have favourable knowledge of, to know distinctly, well, Ld. 22; vita skil á e-u, id., K. Á. 108, Gþl. 25; kunna skil e-s, Am. 9; Snorri vissi góð skil á honum, Eb. 142.
    2. an adjustment, fair dealings, due, Dan. skjel; segja skil á e-u, to declare, Ld. 234; göra skil á e-u, to give an account of, Grág. i. 440; at skilum ok at lögmáli réttu, Gþl. 306; stefna e-m til skila, to cite a person to answer in court, Grág. i. 175, 179, ii. 227; færa mál til skila, to put a case right, Fms. v. 324; verða at litlum skilum, to be of little account, come to naught, Fms. ix. 297; svara skilum fyrir e-t, vii. 127; sá arfr skal at skilum fara, Jb. 156; koma öllu til skila, Ísl. ii. 131; hann sendi konunginum einn fríðan hest, ok kom sá vel til skila, Bs. i. 710; þar sem þryti silfr skyldi borðbúnaðinn fyrir gefa, svá at allir hefði góð skil, so that all should have their due, Fms. x. 147; hann átti engan erfingja þann er skil væri at, he had no trusty heir, Sturl. i. 45.
    3. as a law term, pleading, public speaking; leysa öll lögmælt skil, Grág. i. 28, Nj. 232.
    4. a despatch, message.
    COMPDS: skilaboð, skiladómr, skiladottir, skilalítill, skilamaðr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SKIL

  • 18 glenna

    1.
    t, to open wide the mouth, fingers, or the like (a slang word); greipa-glennir, a nickname, Ísl. Þjóðs.
    2.
    u, f. mummery, N. G. L. ii. 424: a nickname, Sturl. ii. 192.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > glenna

  • 19 HREIFI

    * * *
    m.
    3) seal’s fin, flipper.
    * * *
    a, m. the wrist, Edda 110, Fms. i. 167, Sturl. ii. 104, Bs. i. 658:—sels-hreifi, a seal’s fin, Eb. 272; and so in mod. usage.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HREIFI

  • 20 KAUN

    n. a sore, of wounds and scabs, Bs. ii. 20 (in a verse), Mar.; fullr kauna, Luke xvi. 26: freq. in mod. usage is the phrase, blása í kaunin, to blow on one’s sores, of fingers burnt, sore, or cold, Grönd. 46, = ὁ δ ἄλγεε και χέρ ἐφύση of Theocr. 19. 3.
    2. the Rune ᚴ, see introduction to letter K.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > KAUN

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